QWED laboratory
Measurement Services
Precision RF/microwave material characterisation using our family of resonators and fixtures. We measure Dk, Df, conductivity σ, resistivity ρ, and surface resistance (Ω/sq) — with clear reports and fast turnaround.
What we measure
Solid dielectrics
- Parameters: Dk, Df, optional TCK/TCF
- Frequency coverage: 1–130 GHz (method-dependent)
- Methods: SPDR 1.1–15 GHz, FPOR 10–130 GHz, TE01δ 1–10 GHz, Q-SCR 10 GHz
Liquids
- Parameters: Dk, Df
- Frequency coverage: 15–50 GHz and 110–170 GHz
- Methods: FPOR liquids 15–50 GHz, DR/Cavity liquids 110–170 GHz
Conductors
- Parameters: σ (conductivity)
- Frequencies: 13.9, 20.4 GHz and 12–50 GHz
- Methods: DR for conductors TE011/TE021, PC-FPOR 12–50 GHz
Semiconductors
- Parameters: σ, ρ, Rs (Ω/sq)
- Frequencies: 5 GHz (other on request) and 1.1–15 GHz
- Methods: SiPDR 5 GHz, SPDR 1.1–15 GHz
Absorbers
- Parameters: Rs (Ω/sq), Zs
- Method: SiPDR
Ferromagnetics
- Parameters: FMR linewidth (ΔH)
- Methods: ΔH broadband cavity, ΔH cavity
What you receive
- Report with methodology, conditions, and uncertainty notes
- Extracted parameters (Dk, Df, Rs, σ/ρ) and resonance/Q data
- Charts and tables (vs frequency and/or temperature as applicable)
- Raw data (CSV/Touchstone) on request
- Confidential handling & NDA support
Sample requirements
Solid dielectrics
SPDR
- Planar samples with clean edges; useful area ≥ ~30×30 mm
- Thickness 0.6–6 mm (band-dependent); diameters 14–120 mm
- Provide base material, thickness, any metallisation
FPOR
- Discs or sheets Ø 50–150 mm; thickness 1 µm–3 mm
- Room temperature by default; 0–80 °C on request
- If anisotropic, specify in-plane axes
TE01δ
- Sample diameter & height ~0.25–0.6 of cavity size
- Temperature range 0–110 °C or per setup
Q-SCR
- Planar squares 40–100 mm; thickness up to ~4 mm
- Note coatings, porosity, anisotropy or bonding layers
Liquids
FPOR liquids 15–50 GHz
- Provide liquid type and safety datasheet
- Room temperature; Gaussian steps ~1.5 GHz
DR/Cavity liquids 110–170 GHz
- Specify test cell volume and material compatibility
- Room temperature measurements
Conductors
DR conductors TE011/TE021
- Squares 23–60 mm; thickness ≥ 3 skin depths
- State metal type and surface finish; for copper-clad give laminate data
PC-FPOR conductors 12–50 GHz
- Discs Ø 150–195 mm; ≥ 5 skin depths
- Provide target conductivity range if known
Semiconductors
SiPDR
- Planar wafers or films; expected Rs or ρ to configure setup
- Films from few µm up to ~1 mm; diameters 30–90 mm
- For films on substrates: give substrate Dk and thickness
SPDR
- Planar coupons; useful area ≥ ~30×30 mm
- Thickness 0.6–6 mm depending on band
Absorbers
SiPDR
- Provide expected Rs range and sample size
- Planar samples recommended for repeatability
Ferromagnetics
ΔH setups
- Provide sample geometry (sphere, rod) and material
- We will confirm cavity size and field conditions